Execution and Bankruptcy Law

Execution and Bankruptcy Law comes into play during the conclusion of legal relations between creditors and debtors, the collection of receivables, and the fulfillment of debts. This branch of law regulates the collection of receivables through the coercive power of the state when voluntary payment does not occur. As Akdemir Legal, we provide professional support in these complex processes to ensure that our clients’ rights are protected most effectively.

What is Execution Law?

Execution Law (also known as Enforcement Law) regulates the enforcement of finalized court decisions or documents with the status of a court decree. It covers the procedures for collecting receivables through the State’s power via Execution Offices upon the creditor’s application if the debtor fails to pay voluntarily.

Under the Execution and Bankruptcy Code, proceedings are carried out in two main categories:
· Enforcement with a Court Decree (İlamlı Takip): Based on court judgments, arbitration awards, or official documents such as notarized mortgage deeds.
· Enforcement without a Court Decree (İlamsız Takip): Where the creditor can initiate proceedings directly through the Execution Office without a prior court judgment.

Enforcement proceedings can follow different paths such as General Attachment, Attachment specific to Negotiable Instruments (Bills/Checks), or Bankruptcy. Each path has its own specific conditions, statutory deadlines, and legal consequences.

Common Lawsuits in Execution Law

Negative Declaratory Actions (Menfi Tespit Davası): Filed by the debtor to prove that the debt does not exist or is not as claimed.

Menfi tespit davası, borçlu tarafından açılan ve borcun olmadığının ya da icra takibine konu edildiği şekilde bulunmadığının tespitini amaçlayan bir davadır. Borçlu, kendisine gönderilen ödeme emrine itiraz ettikten sonra, alacaklının itirazın iptalini talep etmesi üzerine bu davayı açabilir.

Action for Cancellation of Objection (İtirazın İptali Davası): Filed by the creditor to lift the debtor’s objection and continue the enforcement process.

Action for Restitution (İstirdat Davası): Filed to recover money or property paid or seized unlawfully or unjustly.

Complaints to the Execution Court (İcra Şikâyeti): A fast-track legal remedy against the actions and decisions of Execution Offices.

Other Actions: Disputes regarding tenders (ihale feshi), foreclosure of pledges, and actions for relief from debt.

Responsibilities of an Execution Attorney

The primary responsibility of an execution attorney is to prevent the loss of rights by managing the legal process accurately.

İlk olarak avukat, müvekkilini süreci hakkında eksiksiz bilgilendirmekle yükümlüdür. İcra takibinin hangi aşamada olduğu, hangi hukuki yolların mevcut bulunduğu, muhtemel sonuçlar ve riskler açık ve anlaşılır şekilde müvekkile aktarılmalıdır. Şeffaflık ve dürüstlük ilkesi, güvene dayalı avukatlık ilişkisinin temelini oluşturur.

Transparency and Information: Keeping the client fully informed about the stages, risks, and potential outcomes of the proceedings.

Strict Deadline Management: Managing strict statutory periods (objection, litigation, and complaint periods) where a single day’s delay can lead to irreversible losses.

Strategic Interest Protection: Identifying the most cost-effective legal strategies while safeguarding the client’s economic interests.

Our Services in Execution and Bankruptcy

At Akdemir Legal, we offer comprehensive services in the field of enforcement and bankruptcy law. We provide both consultancy and active representation services to both creditors and debtors.

For Creditors:
· Initiating enforcement proceedings and preparing case files.
· Management of the seizure (attachment) and sale processes.
· Filing and following up on “Action for Cancellation of Objection.”
· Monitoring auctions and managing the final collection of receivables.

For Debtors:
· Objecting to unjust enforcement proceedings.
· Filing Negative Declaratory and Debt Relief actions.
· Submitting complaints against unlawful actions by Execution Offices.
· Ensuring property rights are protected and preventing unjust victimization.

Specialized Services:
· Concordat (Debt Restructuring) processes.
· Bankruptcy litigation and liquidation management.
· Third-party replevin (İstihkak) claims.

Each client’s situation is unique. Therefore, instead of standard solutions, we aim to achieve the most effective results by developing strategies tailored to each case.

Principles Governing Compulsory Execution

Cebri icra hukuku, belirli temel ilkeler üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu ilkeler hem alacaklının hem de borçlunun haklarının dengeli bir şekilde korunmasını amaçlar.

Principle of Request (İstem): Proceedings are initiated only upon the creditor’s application; they cannot be started ex officio.

Principle of Follow-up Economy: Aiming for the most cost-effective, fast, and efficient execution of proceedings.

Formal Examination: Execution offices perform only a formal review; the merits of the legal dispute are resolved by the courts.

Balanced Protection: Maintaining a fair balance between the creditor’s right to collect and the debtor’s right to a dignified life (non-seizable essential assets).

Publicity and Transparency: Ensuring that certain stages, especially tenders and auctions, are open to the public to maintain competition.

Publicity and Transparency: Ensuring that certain stages, especially tenders and auctions, are open to the public to maintain competition.

Finally, the principle of public disclosure stipulates that third parties must also be informed at certain stages of enforcement proceedings. In particular, public tenders are conducted to ensure competition and transparency.

Akdemir Legal olarak, icra ve iflas hukuku alanındaki derin bilgi birikimimiz ve deneyimimizle müvekkillerimize en kaliteli hukuki desteği sunmaktayız. Alacaklarınızın tahsili veya haklarınızın korunması konusunda profesyonel destek almak için bizimle iletişime geçebilirsiniz.